低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義凡(fan)是(shi)自動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)手動(dong)(dong)接(jie)通和(he)(he)斷開電路(lu)，以(yi)(yi)及能(neng)實(shi)現對電路(lu)或(huo)非(fei)電對象(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)切(qie)換、控制、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、檢測(ce)、變(bian)換和(he)(he)調(diao)節(jie)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件統稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)指用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于交流(liu)額定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)1200V及以(yi)(yi)下、直流(liu)額定(ding)(ding)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)1500V及以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)電路(lu)中起通斷、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、控制或(huo)調(diao)節(jie)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產品。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)種類繁多，功(gong)能(neng)各(ge)樣(yang)，構造各(ge)異，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途普遍，工作(zuo)原理各(ge)不(bu)相同，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)分(fen)類方法也很多。按用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途或(huo)控制對象(xiang)分(fen)類:配電電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配電系統中。要求(qiu)系統發生(sheng)故障時準(zhun)確動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)、可靠工作(zuo)，在規定(ding)(ding)條(tiao)件下具有相應的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)與(yu)熱穩定(ding)(ding)性(xing)，使(shi)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)會被低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)義凡(fan)是(shi)自動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)手動(dong)(dong)接(jie)通和(he)(he)斷開電路(lu)，以(yi)(yi)及能(neng)實(shi)現對電路(lu)或(huo)非(fei)電對象(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)切(qie)換、控制、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、檢測(ce)、變(bian)換和(he)(he)調(diao)節(jie)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)元(yuan)件統稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可根(gen)據(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)控制對象(xiang)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)配電設備和(he)(he)控制設備；江蘇常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)廠家

空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，又(you)名(ming)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)，是(shi)斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)的一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)只要(yao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就會自動(dong)斷開(kai)的開(kai)關(guan)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)開(kai)關(guan)是(shi)低壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力拖動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)非常重(zhong)要(yao)的一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它集(ji)控制(zhi)和多種(zhong)保護功能于一(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)。除能完成接觸和分(fen)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)外，尚(shang)能對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備發(fa)生的短路(lu)(lu)、嚴重(zhong)過載及欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)進行保護，同時也可以(yi)用(yong)于不頻(pin)繁(fan)地啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機。脫扣(kou)方式(shi)有(you)熱動(dong)式(shi)脫扣(kou)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)式(shi)脫扣(kou)和復式(shi)脫扣(kou)3種(zhong)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)開(kai)關(guan)(圖1)當線(xian)路(lu)(lu)發(fa)生一(yi)(yi)(yi)般性過載時，過載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)雖(sui)不能使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脫扣(kou)器(qi)動(dong)作(zuo)，但能使熱元件產生一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)熱量，促使雙金屬片(pian)受熱向上彎曲，推動(dong)杠(gang)桿使搭鉤與鎖扣(kou)脫開(kai)，將主觸頭分(fen)斷，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。當線(xian)路(lu)(lu)發(fa)生短路(lu)(lu)或嚴重(zhong)過載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，短路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過瞬時脫扣(kou)整定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脫扣(kou)器(qi)產生足(zu)(zu)夠大的吸力，將銜鐵吸合并(bing)撞擊(ji)杠(gang)桿，使搭鉤繞(rao)轉軸座向上轉動(dong)與鎖扣(kou)脫開(kai)，鎖扣(kou)在(zai)反力彈簧的作(zuo)用(yong)下將三(san)副(fu)主觸頭分(fen)斷，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。南(nan)京(jing)三(san)菱(ling)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)銷售傳統(tong)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)產品存在(zai)著體積大、能耗(hao)高、可靠(kao)性低等(deng)問題，已無法(fa)滿(man)足(zu)(zu)現代(dai)工業生產的需(xu)求。

我國(guo)(guo)(guo)低壓電(dian)(dian)器經(jing)過50多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，已形成了比較完備的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)體系(xi)，產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)量(liang)、技術性(xing)能(neng)和(he)品(pin)質等(deng)方(fang)面已基本能(neng)滿(man)足我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展需(xu)求。我國(guo)(guo)(guo)自主設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)低壓電(dian)(dian)器先后(hou)經(jing)歷了3個階段(duan)。首階段(duan)是(shi)從(cong)(cong)20世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代末期至70年(nian)(nian)代中期。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)以DW10、DZ10、CJ10為表(biao)明，共近(jin)百種(zhong)系(xi)列，解(jie)決(jue)了從(cong)(cong)無(wu)到有的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面，對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展起(qi)到了重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進作用(yong)，形成了低壓電(dian)(dian)器產(chan)(chan)品(pin)由(you)一個研究所研制(zhi)，全行業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)，采用(yong)統一型(xing)號的(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面。第(di)二(er)階段(duan)是(shi)從(cong)(cong)20世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)代中期至80年(nian)(nian)代末。80年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)(cong)歐洲、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)、日本等(deng)發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)和(he)地區引進34個系(xi)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)低壓電(dian)(dian)器產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，并對(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)40個系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進行奪標攻關(guan)，使產(chan)(chan)品(pin)性(xing)能(neng)符合IEC標準(zhun)。第(di)三階段(duan)從(cong)(cong)90年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)至今。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)特征是(shi)高性(xing)能(neng)、小(xiao)型(xing)化(hua)、電(dian)(dian)子化(hua)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)、模(mo)塊化(hua)、組合化(hua)！

低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一(yi)般都有兩個基本部分(fen)(fen)：一(yi)個是感(gan)(gan)測(ce)(ce)部分(fen)(fen)，它(ta)感(gan)(gan)測(ce)(ce)外界的(de)信號，作出有規律的(de)反(fan)應，在自(zi)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，感(gan)(gan)測(ce)(ce)部分(fen)(fen)大多由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)機構(gou)組成，在受控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中，感(gan)(gan)測(ce)(ce)部分(fen)(fen)通常為(wei)操作手柄(bing)等；另一(yi)個是執行(xing)部分(fen)(fen)，如(ru)觸點(dian)是根據(ju)(ju)指令進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)接通或(huo)(huo)(huo)切(qie)斷的(de)。低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，取決于國民經濟的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)現代(dai)工業自(zi)動化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)需要，以及新(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)工藝(yi)、新(xin)(xin)材料研(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)應用。目(mu)前正(zheng)朝著高性能(neng)、高可靠(kao)性、小型化(hua)(hua)、數模化(hua)(hua)、模塊化(hua)(hua)、組合(he)化(hua)(hua)和(he)零部件通用化(hua)(hua)的(de)方向發展(zhan)(zhan)。低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能(neng)夠依據(ju)(ju)操作信號或(huo)(huo)(huo)外界現場信號的(de)要求，自(zi)動或(huo)(huo)(huo)手動地改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)狀態、參(can)數，實現對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路或(huo)(huo)(huo)被控(kong)對(dui)象的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)、保護、測(ce)(ce)量、指示、調(diao)節！智能(neng)化(hua)(hua)低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)可以通過數字信號進行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)監測(ce)(ce)。

斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)又叫(jiao)空氣開關(guan)，是一種很基本(ben)的低壓電(dian)(dian)器(qi)，斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)具(ju)有過(guo)載(zai)、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)欠(qian)電(dian)(dian)壓保(bao)護功能，能保(bao)護線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)源的能力。它可用來分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)能，不頻(pin)繁(fan)地啟動(dong)異步電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，對電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機等實行保(bao)護，當它們發生嚴(yan)重的過(guo)載(zai)或者短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及欠(qian)壓等故(gu)(gu)障時(shi)能自動(dong)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，其功能相當于熔斷器(qi)式開關(guan)與過(guo)欠(qian)熱繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)等的組(zu)合。而且(qie)在分(fen)斷故(gu)(gu)障電(dian)(dian)流后一般不需(xu)要變(bian)更零部件(jian)，所(suo)以(yi)獲得了普(pu)遍的應用。一旦房屋配線(xian)中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)流流量過(guo)大，這(zhe)種簡單的電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)裝置就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，直至(zhi)故(gu)(gu)障被(bei)排(pai)除。如果沒有斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(或其替代(dai)品——保(bao)險絲)，家庭用電(dian)(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)非常(chang)不方便，原因(yin)在于，只是線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)問題和(he)(he)設備故(gu)(gu)障就(jiu)(jiu)可能會(hui)造成(cheng)火災和(he)(he)其他事故(gu)(gu)~低壓電(dian)(dian)器(qi)也在不斷升級和(he)(he)改進。鹽城低壓電(dian)(dian)器(qi)選型

壓電(dian)器可(ke)對一些電(dian)量和非電(dian)量進行調(diao)整，以滿足用戶的要求；江蘇常用低壓電(dian)器廠(chang)家(jia)

低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)標(biao)志：1.保護導線(xian)（PE）必須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)綠雙色(se)(se)(se)(se)線(xian)：2.動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)中線(xian)（N）和(he)中間線(xian)（M）必須(xu)是淺藍色(se)(se)(se)(se)：3.交流或直(zhi)流動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)：4.交流控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)：5.直(zhi)流控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藍色(se)(se)(se)(se)：6.用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)聯鎖的(de)(de)導線(xian)，如果(guo)是與(yu)外邊控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)連接，而(er)且當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開關(guan)(guan)(guan)：斷(duan)開仍帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)或黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)：7.與(yu)保護導線(xian)連接的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白色(se)(se)(se)(se)：在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)拖動和(he)傳輸系統中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)主要低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器元件，據不(bu)完全統計，我(wo)國生產120多(duo)個(ge)系列.近600個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)，上萬(wan)個(ge)規格。這些開關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器具有不(bu)同的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)不(bu)同使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)條(tiao)件，因而(er)也(ye)就有不(bu)同的(de)(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法，但(dan)是總(zong)的(de)(de)要求應(ying)遵循以下兩個(ge)基本原則(ze)(ze):使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)靠(kao)是對任何開關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)基本要求，保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)運行(xing)，是使(shi)生產和(he)生活得以正常(chang)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)重要保障。經(jing)濟(ji)性考(kao)慮(lv)又可(ke)分(fen)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器本身(shen)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)價值和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)開關(guan)(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器產生的(de)(de)價值。前(qian)者要求選擇(ze)得合理、適用(yong)(yong)(yong);后者則(ze)(ze)考(kao)慮(lv)在(zai)運行(xing)中必須(xu)可(ke)靠(kao),而(er)不(bu)致因故障造成停產或損(sun)壞(huai)設(she)備，危及人身(shen)等構成的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)損(sun)失。江蘇常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器廠(chang)家

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